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The construction sector is centered on sustainability, and as governments worldwide strive to achieve net zero emissions, the industry's involvement has gained increased attention. In today's world, whether it is related to raw materials or energy usage, it has almost become a buzzword.

Finding businesses that share this dedication is essential as more and more customers list it as a top priority. A reputable roofing firm has to be committed to sustainable roofing practices in order to uphold both their clients and their own commitment to better safeguarding the environment.

Though the roofing sector is currently among the biggest emitters of carbon dioxide, what exactly does sustainable construction entail? And how does your roofing solution and design contribute to reducing the industry's carbon footprint?"Sustainability in Modern Roofing" is not just a phrase but a guiding principle in the evolution of roofing practices.

Sustainability in the construction industry

Environmentally concerned people are rapidly adopting sustainability as a trend, and this trend can even apply to residential and commercial roofs. When anything is designed to meet or surpass environmental well-being requirements, it is generally referred to as sustainable.

Alternatively, running a company in this manner may be a more environmentally responsible strategy, which could improve the well-being of people. The goal of sustainability in building roofing is to significantly cut waste and create more energy-efficient roofing solutions that can lower energy consumption.

In building, sustainability can take many different shapes.

Reducing the industry's environmental footprint in order to mitigate climate change and ensure that there is a robust, sustainable building stock for future generations are the objectives of these campaigns.

The Role Of Eco-Friendly Roofing Options in Sustainability

Among the main objectives for modern homes is sustainability. This is evident in everything from modern HVAC systems to smart house systems and even in the particular materials used in roofing construction.

These environmentally friendly roofing materials are among the most well-liked styles for both new construction and roof replacements.

  1. Cool Shingles

Although many homeowners believe traditional shingles are the best option, you might not instantly consider them sustainable roofing materials. Modern shingles, on the other hand, provide a variety of design features that contribute to your home's increased sustainability.

Cool shingles use a variety of contemporary methods, such as surface color, reflectivity, and granule size and type, to keep your roof cool. As a result, your roof absorbs less heat from the sun, which is very advantageous for the environment and your energy costs.

Many people have suggested that reflective surfaces, including roads and roofs, can be a useful tool in the fight against climate change. They could have a big effect if all those surfaces around the world were more reflective, like cool shingles.

In addition to keeping your roof cooler, cool shingles can also dramatically reduce summertime air conditioning costs. Both money and energy can be saved by reducing energy use.

  1. Reclaimed Tile Roofing

Tile roofing is a classic design that is still widely used today. Installing a tile roof can typically be more expensive than putting shingles, but the roof should last longer.

Although there are many different types of tiles, clay is the most widely used. The fact that this material is all-natural gives it an advantage over a lot of other choices.

The tiles are capable of lasting a century or longer, making recycled tile roofing viable. You can repurpose used tiles for your roof rather than using up more resources and energy.

In most cases, salvaged and repurposed tiles are used when a tile roof is removed but still has an acceptable state of repair. You can simultaneously lessen your environmental effects and wear a true traditional style.

  1. Membrane Roofing Systems

Low indoor air quality can be caused by the dangerous substances that traditional roofing materials can emit into the atmosphere. Sustainable roofing materials, on the other hand, provide a better atmosphere for building residents since they are composed of recyclable and non-toxic components.

One or more layers of different plastic, rubber, or composite materials are the foundation of membrane roofing systems. Although they're already frequently used in commercial settings, they might be a great choice for your house as well.

The different layers act as insulation, heat-dispersers, and water-repellent materials.  With the help of current initiatives and programs for recycling asphalt, we are finally beginning to use old asphalt shingles that are being recycled in some states, such as paving roadways. There are plenty of options, so you might find the ideal fix for your next roof.

  1. Recyclable Shingles

When asphalt roofing reached the end of its useful life, it was all disposed of in landfills. With the help of current initiatives and programs for recycling asphalt, we are finally beginning to use old asphalt shingles that are being recycled in some states like paving roadways.

The U.S. creates millions of tons of asphalt shingle garbage every year. Shingle recycling is becoming more popular and contributes to reducing garbage in US landfills.

Some people give their old shingles to nonprofits so they can be used for good. Before you replace your roof, find out if your roofing contractor recycles its shingles. It's a simple way you can do your part for the environment.

  1. Solar-Ready Roofing

Since they became more accessible to the typical home and business owner, solar panels have exploded in the residential market. Switching to more environmentally friendly power sources is another method to lessen your carbon footprint, with solar panels being one of the most popular choices.

It is necessary to have a roof that can support the weight of the panels, though. Solar-ready roofing systems are getting more and more popular, which is not surprising given these advantages and tax incentives.

  1. Metal Roofs

The country is seeing a surge in the popularity of metal roofing as an alluring and sustainable replacement for conventional asphalt roofs. Because metal roofs reflect solar radiation rather than absorbing it, they are significantly more energy-efficient than asphalt roofs.

While it might be very challenging to recycle or reuse some roofing components, the majority of metal roofs are comprised of more than 56% recycled elements, making them sustainable. The longevity of the building itself is extended, and metal roofs outlast other kinds, both of which increase the overall sustainability of this roofing style.

  1. Energy-Efficient Skylights

Energy-efficient skylight use is another trend that is becoming more and more popular in the field of contemporary roofing. You consume less energy during the day because you don't need as much artificial lighting because these skylights let in natural light.

Additionally, insulating elements on modern windows frequently prevent heat absorption in the summer and loss in the winter.

  1. More Emphasis on Attic Ventilation and Insulation

Since heat rises within a home, an attic with inadequate ventilation can become significantly hotter. This may result in your HVAC system using more energy to cool your house and costing you more.

Modern roofers create unique ventilation designs for each home to optimize airflow into and out of the structure. In addition to safeguarding your roofing system, a well-ventilated attic may stop problems like ice dams, mold growth, and shingle damage.

Insulation has a major role in your home's overall energy consumption and is essential in the effort to build energy-efficient homes. Your utility cost can be significantly reduced by replacing your outdated roof and installing new insulation, which can also have a significant impact on your household's overall energy consumption and carbon footprint.

Though there are many opinions on this broad subject, one thing is certain: the insulation industry is dynamic and innovative, with rising thermal efficiency and fire safety serving as key catalysts. Increased insulation helps keep buildings warmer in the winter and colder in the summer. It also plays a major role in reducing cold structures, which helps regulate interstitial condensation.

Benefits of Sustainable Roofs

Making the switch to sustainable roofing has several benefits. In addition to being better for Mother Earth and what many refer to as a "greener" alternative, it can also result in a variety of other advantageous outcomes, such as:

Roofing Tax Credits and Incentives in Arizona

There has never been a better moment for people to lessen their negative environmental effects than right now. Thankfully, homeowners may take a number of steps to make sure their property contributes to the solution rather than the issue.

Roofing tax credits and incentives are offered by some states for specific roofing projects since the roofing industry is always evolving to satisfy the demand for environmentally friendly solutions. The industry is constantly expanding, offering everything from solar and cool roofing to green roofing solutions and sustainable materials.

As long as sustainability is given first priority, roofing solutions in the future should be even more creative and advantageous to the environment. When it's time to fix or replace your roof, take these trends into account and choose a solution that will save costs and the environment.

One of the most important things about your Arizona house is the roofing material choice. Along with providing weather protection for you and your possessions, it also significantly improves the overall look and energy efficiency of your house.

In Arizona, extreme weather events such as windstorms, snowfall, fires, or even minor things like ceiling leaks can necessitate new roofs. Arizona has harsh weather all year round, with scorching summers, slightly tolerable winters, surges of rain, occasional hurricanes, etc. Choosing the right roofing material for Arizona homes is essential.

The regular variations in weather can have an impact on your roof's condition. Choosing the correct roofing material for Arizona is crucial because of its hot summers and moderate winters.

How To Choose The Right Material For Your Home

The answer genuinely relies on what matters most to each homeowner, be it longevity, simplicity of care, overall installation costs, or aesthetics. In summary, each type of roofing system has benefits, drawbacks, and environmentally friendly aspects.

A number of elements, including the overall design, the quality of the materials, the surrounding environment, and the caliber of the installation, will affect how long your roof lasts. When properly maintained and installed by a trained roofing specialist, today's top roofing products can easily last for decades.

  1. Appearance

Achieving an appealing look for your roof is a vital part of home design. The visual impression of the roofing materials you choose can enhance or degrade the overall aesthetic appeal of your house.

The appearance of various roofing materials, such as neoprene, EPDM, PVC, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene sheets, polymer-modified bitumens, and green roof options vary in texture, color shade, style shape, and other features like sheen and translucency. A flat roof appears sleek with rubber roofing membranes or thermoplastic olefin (TPO), whereas metal roofing gives a rustic charm to residential properties.

To achieve optimum results for your home frontage styling while considering other factors such as durability and cost-effectiveness when selecting the appropriate type of roofing material.

  1. Longevity

The lifespan of a roofing material depends on several factors, such as the quality of the material, proper maintenance, and the environment in which it is installed. Choosing a durable and long-lasting roof can save you money in the long run by reducing repair costs and replacements.

Different types of roofing materials have varying levels of longevity. For instance,

Moreover, other types of roofing materials like wood shingles and shakes or slate tiles may have an extended lifespan but are vulnerable to damage from harsh weather elements such as snow storms or hail storms. In areas where heavy rainfall is common, some roofers recommend rubber tiles because they tend to age well in wet conditions.

  1. Material Price

The pricing of different types of roof materials is an essential factor in determining the most suitable option for residential roofing. Here are some insights into material price trends for modern roofing materials:

While asphalt shingles provide a relatively affordable option, metal roofing, clay tiles, and concrete tiles tend to cost more. Despite varying prices, it is crucial to make decisions based on the material's durability, energy efficiency, and overall lifespan.

  1. Structural Issues

Ensuring that the roof can handle the weight and stress of certain materials is crucial in avoiding potential damage or collapse. Some roofing options, such as slate or ceramic tiles, are heavier than others and require a more robust structure to support them.

On the other hand, lighter options like asphalt shingles may not need as much support but may have a shorter lifespan. It's, therefore, important to consult with experts who can evaluate your home's condition and recommend appropriate roofing material options.

  1. Consider the Main Factors

Understanding the critical considerations for a roofing project involves evaluating factors that impact both roof replacement costs and specific needs. For instance, metal roofing, though initially more expensive, proves economical over time due to its durability, reducing the need for frequent replacements, as seen with materials like asphalt.

Furthermore, the aesthetic appeal of clay tiles must be weighed against their weight, brittleness, and delicate nature during installation. In contrast, metal roofs offer durability without compromising on looks.

Cost-effectiveness can be maximized across various roofing materials through diligent maintenance. Simple routines, such as regular cleaning and timely repairs, can prevent further damage to the roofing system, ultimately reducing overall costs.

For instance, performing drainage checks and clearing debris from gutters helps mitigate soil erosion that can harm roofs over time. Investing in proper maintenance practices is a proactive strategy to enhance the longevity of your chosen roofing material.

Best Roofing Materials for Arizona Homes

In Arizona, roofs have to be able to endure intense heat, scorching sun rays, wind, and rain during the monsoon season. A roof may be damaged over the years by extremely hot weather, and as Arizona's climate can fluctuate greatly from hot to cold to hot again, the materials used must be robust, long-lasting, and heat resistant.

Remember that during windy and rainy seasons, inadequate roofing might result in significant water damage. Which roofing types and materials are, therefore, ideal for homes in Arizona?

  1. Foam Roofing

For flat roofs in Arizona, especially prevalent in commercial properties, Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) roofing stands out as the optimal choice. Renowned for its energy efficiency, this roofing type is particularly favored by commercial property owners seeking effective insulation and long-term savings.

The efficiency of SPF roofing is further underscored by its high R-rating of approximately 6.5 per inch, reflecting its exceptional ability to deflect heat and maintain cooler indoor temperatures during the scorching summer months. I

  1. Metal Roofing

Contrary to preconceptions, metal roofs, available in shingles or panels, can seamlessly integrate into any neighborhood with a modern and sleek appearance. The inherent strength and durability of metal make it a long-lasting option, requiring replacement only after decades of reliable service.

One of the standout features of metal roofing is its ability to redirect heat, contributing to a cooler interior. This enhances comfort and aligns with the concept of "cool metal roofing," potentially reducing long-term energy costs.

Reflecting heat efficiently, metal roofs demonstrate eco-friendly characteristics, providing a dual benefit of sustainability and financial savings. Standing seam metal roofing is a popular option with a functional lifespan of between 30 and 50 years.

It is characterized by steel panels with overlapping seams that form raised ridges along the roof slope. Aluminum is a great material for this style since it is both lightweight and robust. Copper and zinc are other good choices; copper acquires a distinct look as it weathers.

  1. Tile Roofing

In the arid landscape of Arizona, roofing choices play a critical role in enduring the harsh conditions, with two prominent contenders being concrete and clay tiles. Recognized for their classic charm, clay tiles are a common sight in Arizona homes.

Concrete tiles, another prevalent option, offer a cost-effective alternative with enduring strength. Crafted from a mixture of sand, water, cement, and iron oxide, these tiles undergo molding and heating, resulting in a robust, natural-looking roofing material.

While both concrete and clay tiles share longevity and resistance to the elements, each presents unique characteristics. Clay tiles boast an unmistakable aesthetic appeal, while concrete tiles offer a pragmatic and economical solution.

Choosing between these two materials involves thoughtful consideration of both visual preferences and specific durability requirements, ensuring that your Arizona home stands resilient against the test of time and nature.

  1. Asphalt Roofing

Asphalt shingles are a common option, found in 80% of American homes, due to their durability and incredibly low cost ($5 per square foot). The lifespan of asphalt shingles can range from 40 to 50 years, depending on the quality used. However, re-installation is not a big deal because they are reasonably priced.

The fact that shingle roofs are available in a variety of patterns and styles contributes to their appeal. Additionally, there won't be as many options available to you, which makes this roofing quite inviting.

Either organic material or fiberglass is used to make the asphalt shingles. It is advised to choose fiberglass shingles due to their lightweight, ease of installation, and resistance to tearing and damage. Organic shingles, on the other hand, are heavier but provide more stability.

  1. Composite Slate

Composite slate emerges as a versatile choice, seamlessly blending the allure of quarried slate with practical advantages. This roofing option marries natural aesthetics with lightweight, durable construction, eliminating the need for costly substructure modifications.

One of the standout features of synthetic slate roofing is its enhanced resistance to the relentless Arizona sun, thanks to the inclusion of UV inhibitors. Moreover, these tiles exhibit a substantial weight-bearing capacity, allowing homeowners to walk on the roof without risking damage.

With a prevalent Class 4 impact rating, composite slate ensures durability against external forces, providing homeowners with peace of mind. Notably, the composite slate market offers a broad spectrum of natural slate colors, allowing for a customized and visually appealing roofing solution.

This innovative material combines the charm of authentic slate with modern engineering, offering an ideal compromise between aesthetics and practicality for Arizona homeowners seeking enduring roofing solutions.

The Importance of Proper Roof Ventilation in the Arizona Heat

Now that you are more knowledgeable about the best roofing materials in Arizona consult with a roofing expert to help you make an informed choice and get the most out of your new roof in the long run. However, the journey towards a well-protected home doesn't end there.

Armed with the knowledge of choosing the right roofing material, it's equally vital to implement effective ventilation systems. Adequate ventilation not only safeguards your investment by preventing heat-related damages but also enhances energy efficiency within your home.

Transitioning from the importance of roofing materials, it's imperative to recognize the symbiotic relationship between your roof and proper ventilation, as discussed in "The Importance of Proper Roof Ventilation in the Arizona Heat."

When it comes to roofing, there's an ongoing debate that has homeowners, contractors, and architects pondering: Flat Roofs vs Sloped Roofs, which is ideal? It's a question that has significant implications for the integrity, aesthetics, and functionality of a building's top cover.

Suppose you are to start a home renovation project or build a new building, marking a significant turning point in your life. Choosing the right kind of roof for your house is important since it affects not just how it looks but also how well it functions and how much upkeep it needs.

This article explores the two types of roofing and the factors you should consider when choosing one to help you make an informed decision.  

Table of Contents

1. Flat Roofs

Flat roofs have become popular for both commercial and residential properties thanks to their unique advantages and modern design aesthetic. They can be made of different types of materials unique to sloped roofs to ensure their serviceability.

Parts of a flat roof

A flat roof can be made of various materials dependent on factors such as climate, cost, material availability, purpose, i.e., commercial and residential, and user preferences. Each layer serves a specific purpose in the flat roof system, with the goal of creating a watertight and thermally efficient barrier.

  1. Roof Deck

Plywood or OSB (Oriented Strand Board): The roof deck is the structural base of the flat roof. Plywood or OSB is commonly used due to its strength and ability to hold roofing materials in place.

  1. Vapor Barrier

Vapor Retarder or Barrier: This layer is installed directly on top of the roof deck. Its purpose is to prevent moisture from the building's interior from penetrating into the roof assembly. It helps to maintain insulation effectiveness and protect against condensation.

  1. Insulation

Rigid Foam Insulation: Extruded or expanded polystyrene (XPS or EPS) insulation boards are typically used. These provide thermal resistance and help regulate temperature within the building.

Tapered Insulation: In cases where water drainage is essential, tapered insulation boards are used to create a slope toward the roof drains or scuppers.

  1. Cover Board:

Cover Board (Optional): A cover board can be added for additional protection and a smooth surface for the roofing membrane. It can be made of materials like gypsum or high-density fiberboard.

  1. Material
MaterialPropertiesLifespan
EPDM (ethylene propylene diene terpolymer)highly resistant to UV radiation, ozone, and extreme temperatures20-30 years
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)resistance to chemicals, fire, and punctures, installed with heat-welded seams, providing a watertight seal and ensuring their longevity20-30 years
TPO (thermoplastic olefin)energy efficiency,  environmentally friendliness, excellent heat-reflective properties, low installation cost, resistance to UV radiation and punctures 15-20 years
Built-up roofing (BUR)consists of alternating layers of bitumen (asphalt or coal tar) and reinforcing materials, excellent waterproofing capabilities20-30 years
modified bitumen roofingresistance to extreme weather conditions, including high winds and hail, easy to repair and maintain, making them a practical choice for flat roofs.20-25 years
  1. Flashing and Edge Details

Metal Flashing: Used around roof edges, penetrations, and other vulnerable areas to prevent water infiltration.

Parapet Walls: Additional flashing and waterproofing measures are taken to ensure water doesn't seep through the connection between the flat roof and the vertical parapet walls.

  1. Roof Drains or Scuppers

Drainage System: Essential for flat roofs to prevent ponding or water accumulation. Roof drains and scuppers direct water off the roof.

  1. Protective Coating (Optional)

Roof Coating: In some cases, a reflective coating may be applied on top of the roofing membrane to increase energy efficiency and prolong the life of the roof.

Cost Considerations for Installing a Flat Roof

One of the main advantages of flat roofs is their relatively lower installation cost compared to sloped roofs. The construction of a flat roof requires less material and labor, resulting in lower expenses for the overall installation.

However, it's essential to remember that flat roofs may require more frequent maintenance and repair costs compared to sloped roofs. Because they lack a slope, debris such as leaves, branches, and standing water can accumulate on the roof surface, leading to potential leaks and water damage.

MaterialCost (per square foot)*
EPDM (ethylene propylene diene terpolymer)$3 - $5
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)$4 - $6
TPO (thermoplastic olefin)$3 - $5
Built-up roofing (BUR)$2 - $4
Modified bitumen roofing$3 - $6

If you plan to use the additional space offered by a flat roof for rooftop gardens, recreational areas, or other purposes, it's important to factor in the additional costs of creating and maintaining these spaces. This may include the cost of installing a proper drainage system, reinforcing the roof structure to support the added weight, and ongoing maintenance and upkeep.

Advantages of Flat Roofs

1. Usable Space: Whether you want to create a rooftop garden, set up an outdoor lounge area, or install solar panels or HVAC equipment, a flat roof provides a platform to make the most of your available square footage. 

2. Modern Design: A flat roof's sleek and minimalist aesthetic adds a contemporary touch to any building. Flat roofs are often seen as a popular choice for commercial properties and modern residential designs.

3. Cost-effective Installation: Flat roofs are generally more cost-effective to install compared to sloped roofs. The simplicity of the design and the ease of installation can help reduce labor and material costs.

Disadvantages of Flat Roofs:

1. Drainage Issues: Water tends to collect on flat roofs because of their low slope. Proper drainage is essential to avoid water buildup, which may result in leaks and even structural damage.

2. Shorter Lifespan: The lifespan of a flat roof tends to be shorter compared to a sloped roof. Factors such as extreme weather conditions and the use of low-quality roofing materials can contribute to premature aging and the need for more frequent repairs or replacements.

3. Limited Insulation: Flat roofs generally have less insulation compared to sloped roofs. This can result in lower energy efficiency and potentially higher heating and cooling costs.

4. Structural damage: The lack of slope means that water, snow, and debris can accumulate, potentially leading to leaks and moisture-related issues or put excessive pressure on the structure.

5. Energy efficiency: Flat roofs, with their large surface area and lack of slope, have the potential to absorb a significant amount of heat from the sun, resulting in increased cooling costs, especially in warm climates.

2. Sloped Roofs

A pitched roof, also known as a sloped roof, is a type of roofing that has an inclined or sloping surface. Sloped roofs are the traditional choice for residential homes and commercial properties.  

Sloped roofs also provide better protection from the elements since rain and snow will slide off the roof more easily than on a flat surface. Furthermore, they can often be designed to capture natural light, which can help to reduce energy bills in colder climates.

Parts of a slope roof

Sloped roofs are made up of several components, each of which serves a specific purpose in protecting a building from the elements.

Here are the main parts of a sloped roof:

  1. Roof Deck: The roof deck is the structural base of the roof, typically made of plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), or other sturdy materials. It provides the foundation for the roofing system.
  2. Underlayment: The underlayment is a water-resistant or waterproof barrier that is applied over the roof deck to provide an additional layer of protection against moisture. Common types of underlayment include asphalt-saturated felt paper or synthetic materials like synthetic underlayment or peel-and-stick membranes.
  3. Roofing Material: The roofing material is the outermost layer of the roof, which shields the structure from the elements. Common roofing materials for sloped roofs include asphalt shingles, metal roofing, wood shingles or shakes, clay or concrete tiles, slate, and various synthetic roofing materials like composite shingles.
  4. Roof Sheathing: Roof sheathing is a layer that sits between the roof deck and the roofing material. It provides a smooth, flat surface for the attachment of roofing materials and contributes to the overall strength and stability of the roof.
  5. Flashing: Flashing is a material, often made of metal, that is used to seal joints and transitions in the roof, such as around chimneys, vents, skylights, and at roof intersections. It prevents water from penetrating vulnerable areas.
  6. Ridge: The roof's highest point, the ridge, is the meeting point of two sloping parts. For optimal ventilation and to keep moisture buildup in the attic, ridge vents or caps are frequently fitted.
  7. Eave: The eave is the lower edge of the roof that overhangs the exterior walls. It helps protect the walls from water runoff and provides shade and shelter to the building.
  8. Valley: Valleys are the angled intersections formed when two sloped roof sections come together. Special flashing and materials are used to channel water away from these areas to prevent leaks.
  9. Dormer: A dormer is a structural element that projects from the sloped roof, often containing a window. Dormers add architectural interest and allow for additional space or natural light within the building.
  10. Gutter and Downspout: Gutters and downspouts are components that collect rainwater from the roof and direct it away from the building's foundation. They help prevent water damage and erosion.
  11. Roof Overhang: The roof overhang, also known as the eave or soffit, is the portion of the roof that extends beyond the walls of the building. It provides protection from rain and sun and can be an important aesthetic feature.

Cost Considerations for Installing a Slope Roof

When it comes to installing a sloped roof, cost considerations play a crucial role in determining the feasibility of your roofing project. Whether you're planning to replace an existing roof or install a brand-new one, understanding the factors that can impact the cost is essential.

Sloped Roof DesignCommon MaterialsCost (per square foot)*
Gable RoofAsphalt Shingles$2 - $4
 Metal Roofing (e.g., steel, aluminum)$4 - $8
 Cedar Shingles$5 - $8
 Slate Tiles$9 - $15
Hip RoofAsphalt Shingles$2 - $4
 Metal Roofing$4 - $8
 Cedar Shingles$5 - $8
 Clay or Concrete Tiles$10 - $15
Gambrel RoofAsphalt Shingles$2 - $4
 Metal Roofing$4 - $8
 Wood Shake Shingles$6 - $10
 Standing Seam Metal Roofing$7 - $12
Mansard RoofAsphalt Shingles$2 - $4
 Metal Roofing$4 - $8
 Slate or Tile Roofing$8 - $15
Shed RoofAsphalt Shingles$2 - $4
 Metal Roofing$4 - $8
 EPDM Roofing$3 - $5
 TPO Roofing$3 - $5

Advantages of Sloped Roofs

1. Improved Drainage: The main advantage of a sloped roof is its ability to effectively drain water. The roof's pitch helps direct water away from the structure, reducing the risk of leaks and water damage.

2. Longer Lifespan: Sloped roofs tend to have a longer lifespan compared to flat roofs. The pitch helps to prevent standing water and debris accumulation, which can contribute to the deterioration of the roofing material.

3. Versatile Design: Sloped roofs offer a wide range of design options, including gable roofs, hip roofs, and mansard roofs. These variations allow for different architectural styles and can enhance the curb appeal of your property.

Disadvantages of Sloped Roofs

1. Higher Installation Costs: Sloped roofs generally require more complex installation compared to flat roofs. The design and pitch of the roof necessitate additional materials and labor, which can increase the overall cost of installation.

2. Reduced Usable Space: Sloped roofs do not provide additional usable space on top of the building. The steep angle makes it challenging to utilize the roof area for amenities such as rooftop gardens or storage space.

3. Regular Maintenance: Sloped roofs are generally low-maintenance but still require regular inspections and maintenance to ensure proper function. Issues such as damaged shingles or blocked gutters may arise and require attention.    

Making the Right Choice: Questions to Ask Yourself

There are a few key considerations to weigh while deciding between a sloped roof and a flat roof. Asking yourself the following questions will help you make an educated choice that best fits your requirements and preferences:

1. What is the purpose of my roof?

2. How long do I want my roof to last?

3. How is the weather in my area?

4. Do I value additional usable space?

5. What is my budget?

A Tar and Gravel Roof Guide for Beginners

The choice between sloped and flat roofs should be made after carefully weighing your personal preferences for style, cost, and necessities. Flat roofs are often a good option if you're searching for a strong, affordable roof for your building.

If you're willing to pay a little bit more for a roof that can withstand the weather and gives you extra room below the roof, a sloped roof is definitely a better choice. Curious about flat roofing? Would you like to know more about a well-known flat roofing method?

Whether you're contemplating a flat or sloped roof, this understanding will be your crucial first stride toward choosing the perfect roofing solution for your home or property. Let's explore the flat roofs in more detail with "A Tar and Gravel Roof Guide for Beginners."

A roof is the protective covering of a house. It can be constructed in various ways for functional and aesthetic reasons.

One of these roof types is a flat roof. It is designed to perform different roles, which are looked at in this article.

The Flat Roof

This is an almost flat roof consisting of a roof frame and covering attached to the house frame. Most roofs have a degree of slope less than 10°-15° to allow runoff water to fall off the roof.

It is mainly used on sheds, porches, smaller houses, extension buildings, or houses with an intricate architectural design that incorporates multiple roof types. Flat roofs are also used in buildings with rooftops or roof decks, but this article will discuss more.

Anatomy of a Flat Roof

A flat roof comprises many different parts assembled to perform its designed functions.

To understand the anatomy of a flat roof, we will look at parts of the common house roof, starting from the visible interior part to the visible exterior part of the roof.

Plasterboard ceiling

This is the visible part of the roof from the house’s interior. It is installed on the ceiling joists that run across the roof to provide attachment points. It is held by cornice at the edges, which acts as a protective and aesthetic design.

The ceiling also prevents any leakages from dripping into the house. If any leaks, a brown circular or irregular patch will appear through the plasterboard ceiling, alerting the leaked owner.

The roof frame

Picture of the top view of a roof frame

This is the part of the roof responsible for maintaining its structure and shape. The roof frame varies depending on the function and design of the roof;

Purlins are lengths of wood installed on the roof sheathing to provide attachment points for roofing tiles.

Underpurlins are lengths of wood installed under the roof rafters to hold them in place and increase their load support. Rafters can be connected at underpurlins and reinforced at the joints in case rafters are shorter than the roof slope.

Rafters are lengths of wood placed on the truss from the eaves to the ridge of the roof or end to provide attachment points for the roof deck.

The roof truss is a collection of beams connected and installed on the house frame to which the roof covering is attached. It defines the slope of the roof.

Deck

This is the interior covering part of the roof that seals the roof interior at the roof frames to be both protective and act as a complete surface for attachment of other roof covering material.

Roof decks are typically made using plywood, and it creates a surface on which one can walk. It makes roof installation easier by acting as the first complete cover.

Insulation

Insulation is meant to reduce the amount of heat gained or lost by a flat roof due to the close contact between the atmosphere and house interior.  There are often two layers of insulation;

The insulation is made of materials with insulation properties such as iso-board. The one between the ceiling and roof sheathing can be any insulating material stuffed into the space and air conditioning vents.

Underlayment

An underlayment is a protective roof covering installed on top of the insulation on the sheathing to prevent water from penetrating the roof interior. A flat roof is prone to water damage due to its slope, and the underlayment plays an essential role in protecting it.

 The underlayment may be made of several different materials;

  1. EPDM rubber
  2. Bitumen
  3. Felt

Material covering

This is the outer protective covering of the roof that is commonly used in residential or commercial buildings. It is installed on the underlayment to attach to the roof sheathing a roof frame.

Various materials can be used on a flat roof;

External accessories

These are attachments to the roof or the roof frame to serve specific or multiple functions.

Eaves

This is the front edge of the roof at the bottom of the slope, where runoff rainwater drains.

Rakes

This is the edge along the sides of the roof going towards the top of the roof Slope.

Drip edge

A drip edge on a flat roof

This is a length of metal or suitable material used as flashing on the roof edges.

The metal is then installed directly on the roof deck on the eaves on which other layers will lie. This is to prevent any runoff water that has penetrated the roof cladding from getting into the roof deck, causing damage.

On the rakes, it’s installed on the waterproof covering to prevent any raindrops blown into the sides from getting into the roof deck. It also holds down the underlayment and prevents it from being lifted by the wind.

Fascia

The fascia is installed on the sides of the roof to cover the roof frame and provides attachment points for the roof gutters. It also protects the interior roof from any raindrops being blown towards the roof from getting into it.

What are The Main Functions of a Flat Roof

Flat roofs are designed to serve different purposes that may vary according to location, building design, and weather.

Different types of flat roofs perform different functions.

A shed roof is installed on a shed for a protective yet straightforward option.

A flat rooftop roof is found on commercial or residential huge buildings and is made from concrete slabs reinforced to support a rooftop multifunction. This can include restaurants, clothing lines, and satellite dish or solar panel installation.

A residential house roof commonly has a flat roof for its advantages over other conventional roof types.

Quick Summary: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Flat Roof

A flat roof has some advantages over its pitched roof counterparts; however, as much as a flat roof has various benefits, there are some disadvantages to consider when installing a flat roof. Some of them include:

✅Advantages❌Disadvantages
Cost: Flat roofs are cheaper than pitched roofs as they require less material covering and framing than a pitched roof.Maintenance: A flat roof may require more maintenance, such as checking for damaged cladding or growing plants or moss. Flat roofs receive direct sunlight and rainfall compared to sloped roofs. Heavy rain that settles on the roof can contribute to weakening the roof.
Insulation: A flat roof has more heat retention and losing abilities over time than pitched roofs. The closeness of the roof to the house acts as a direct cover with fewer air gaps. Flat roofs often have double insulation on the deck and between the deck and ceiling, reducing utility fees during cold weather.Load Retention: One of the main cons of having a flat roof is the high load shedding abilities. These loads include snow, water, and debris. An increased point load on one part of the roof leads to stress in the roof frame, which may eventually collapse or cave in. During winter, heavy snow accumulates a weak point, causing it to sink in before the frames reach their necking point.
Installation: A flat roof is easy to install and takes less time; hence simple to build and maintain. It does not feature more complex truss designs like hips and valleys, requiring careful flashing at the joints. 
Accessibility: A flat roof allows easy access for routine maintenance, cutting down on hiring professionals as a homeowner can do the inspection themselves. When gutters get clogged by debris and leaves, you can easily remove them, making maintenance simpler.
Durability: The materials used when constructing a flat roof are highly durable. One is the EPDM rubber which is fire, water, and wind-resistant.
Secondary Use: One of the features offered by a flat roof is the almost level surface. Solar panels and satellite dishes can be installed on the roof without compromising the aesthetic look.

What Happens When Water Is Collected On Your Roof?

Even if you have a flat roof, all roofs are designed to do one thing in common: properly drain still water from the top. Regardless of the style of roof you have, you want to avoid the problem known as “ponding” to the best of your ability. For those who don’t know, ponding is when water builds up in a singular area and doesn’t go away even after a few days have passed.

Although there are different reasons for ponding to occur, it is most commonly caused by crushed insulation from foot traffic on the roof, or by clogged up drainage. Whichever the case may be, it still stands that if you have pooling water that you should address the issue right away, or else you risk having leaks develop inside our home. This can cause the materials to break down and possibly even cause interior water damage or other drainage problems. According to the AZ Registrar of Contractors, minor amounts of ponding will occur on most flat roofs, but should be addressed if it doesn’t automatically drain within 48 hours.

Insects

No matter how small the puddle is, if you have standing water then you are sure to have bugs close behind. One of the more common pests that are drawn to still water are mosquitoes, which spend their time breeding and living by the water – something you want to be sure is cleared off before they make your roof their home!

Birds

When bugs and water are gathered in one place, you can be certain that birds will follow soon after. Not only are they interested in the puddles for themselves, but birds will use this as an opportunity to nest and feed on the surrounding insects. Not only are the noisy, but the dangers of contamination from bird droppings increases when you have ponding water attracting them to your roof.

Plant Growth

Plant growth may start as small as a spot of algae, but can develop quickly and grow out of control – such as a mold problem developing in your walls. Roofs that trap moisture or have leaks will not only affect the appearance of your home, but also cause it to grow damaged quicker over time and possibly even cause an environmental health hazard.

Discoloration

Any amount of pooled-up water will start to fade into your roof and cause a certain amount of discoloration. This is not only attractive to look at, but also causes deterioration that may cause improper cooling to occur.

Freezing

Although we don’t experience harsh winter freezes in Phoenix, there is still a chance that the winter nights can freeze sill water on your roof. This will damage the roof membrane, since water expands when frozen – meaning this is a situation that you want to deal with before the weather turns chilly!

There’s a lot of chatter in recent years about foam roof installation otherwise known as white or “cool” roofing options.

Basically, the thought is that dark colors, roofs constructed of asphalt or tar materials, take in heat, which increases the utility bills for the property they are installed on.

Whereas white or light-colored materials reflect the heat.

The main point is that lighter-colored materials, like white spray foam, will help the occupants save money over time. 

Not to mention reduced energy costs.

The government has encouraged property owners to go with foam roof installation on their properties.

They are also suggesting that all future roofing be lighter or white in color.

One Thing That Is a Factor in Foam Roof Installation… Where Your Property is Located.

In areas like Phoenix or Tucson, for example, where AC systems are used for a great portion of a calendar year, it would seem like an easy choice.

And, there are some states, like California, that are forcing commercial buildings to go with a foam roof installation.

But, in cooler areas of the country, like Minneapolis or Chicago, it’s a little more complicated. There are some studies that show in the colder winter months, white roofing might actually increase heating expenses.

The debate is about how much it actually does. The question is whether the decrease in cooling costs in the summer months will compensate for a possible increase in heating costs in the winter.

Studies have disputed this, showing that the energy savings through air conditioning bills outweigh any negatives, even in colder climates like Chicago.

The other main factor is how cool roofing is, or can have on slowing down the effects of global warming.

One major study found that the heat reflected off of white, cool roofing does affect climate change by putting more heat into the atmosphere, which absorbs more carbon emissions.

Past studies had made claims that white roofing has a cooling effect, not a warming one.

Foam Roof Installation and The Environment

Know The Factors

So, you should know all the factors involved in the particular area where you reside before making any decisions. You should weigh all the pros and cons of your options and choose the one that best fits your locality and budget.

There are several types of reflective materials to make your choice from.

You could also benefit from some local financial incentives from your governing bodies. There are states that offer their citizens rebates if they install white, cool roofing.

Also, incentives may be being offered by the various utilities in your city, county, or state. On a roof with a dark surface, the temperature can get as hot as 180 degrees. on a warm sunny day.

If your roof heats up like this, it will impact your property’s interior, which might be great in Chicago during the winter months.

However, this is not the case in Arizona during the summer, as heat will get inside and rise. You’ll need to use more air conditioning as the temperature inside increases as a result.

Roof Color & Heat Islands

Also, a dark roof will disperse heat back into the air, increasing a city’s heat island effect. The cumulative effect is the planet’s solar reflectance by absorbing the heat from the sun and its rays. Scientists believe that this is having an impact on global warming and climate change.

This has created a movement towards government agencies recommending white, reflective roofing. For reflecting heat, white roofs are great solutions due to their smooth exterior.

Several major tests that have been completed have shown that dark materials, like shingles, asphalt, and tar, only reflect 5-10% of the sun’s rays. This also means temperatures rise 70 to 90 degrees more than the air around them.

White roofing materials, on the other hand, will reflect as much as 25% of the sun's rays with a 50 to 70-degree difference in the surrounding air. Some materials will reflect as much as 35% and only 60-degree differences.

Mikku and Sons Roofing (623) 465-1068 provides quality foam roof repair, foam roof installation, foam roof replacement, foam maintenance, and other roof repair services to the surrounding Phoenix area communities.

We’ve been a reputable, quality roofing contractor since 2001. Call us when you have any questions about installing or repairing a foam roof on your property.

More Slope Than Flat

Flat roof systems are more low-slope than completely flat. They have just enough slope to make water move toward gutter and drains to keep it from ponding on the roof. There are several options for a flat roof available when you’re deciding on whether to replace your roof.

What we feel is the best solution, sprayed-on polyurethane foam, should be used more than it is and pushed more by roofers in the industry. There are several options if you’ve decided to replace your flat roof.

Here Are 5 Options for a Flat Roof

Modified Bitumen

This material is rolled on top of your roof’s surface in a single ply. Most previous installations were completed by placing it on the roof and then using a blowtorch to heat it. This poses some risks, so newer materials have been created that stick to the roof after they are peeled off, making it safer. It’s good for the environment due to its ability to reflect the heat and rays from the sun, which will lower your cooling expenses. However, it does have a major negative feature – walking on it can tear the material and cause scuffing.

Built Up Roofing (BUR)

This material is very affordable, which entices homeowners to use it often as everyone likes to save money. It has a nice, attractive look which usually has gravel on top covering the material. Its constructed of several layers, so it provides more than adequate insulation for your home. But, due to these multiple layers, it weighs more tan other flat systems,. which means you may have to make some structural additions to your framing or structure in order to support it, meaning you’ll have additional expense when choosing to install it. One other drawback is you should not be occupying the property while its being installed, interrupting your families routine and schedule. There is plenty of info to be found online regarding BUR roofing if you need it.

Sprayed-on Roof Coatings

Silicone is the material most often used for sprayed-on applications. And, because its sprayed onto the roof, it is seamless, making it work great in resisting moisture and deflecting the heat from the sun. Since it reflects the sun’s heat and rays, it lowers your utility costs, saving you money. Another big benefit is its contribution to the environment because its applied directly on top of the old system. No need for the occupants to be removed during installation and no need to tear off the old roofing and dispose of it before its applied. There are a few negatives, though – the biggest one being its price, as its more expensive than the other flat options. However, that should be expected from something of high quality with so many positives. Depending on your roof’s configuration and your location, silicone roofing will usually be the most expensive option to choose from.

Single Ply EPDM

It’s similar to PVC, because of its single ply, but the main material is not plastic, but rubber. Its extremely durable, but it has a few drawbacks. Adhesives are used to close the seams, which can make them vulnerable to the elements over time, letting moisture get through and causing maintenance and repair issues. Asa result, you will have to pay more attention to routine maintenance and minor repairs than some of your other options.

PVC

This material is very reflective and durable.  It is extremely water resistant, keeping moisture from pooling.  Lastly, the installation process is simple, making it one of the best choices for your flat roof. It may sound like it is similar to spray applied coatings because they do have a lot in common. The biggest difference from other materials, including sprayed-on, is that the seams can lead to failing. Glue or tape is used to connect the seams, and they will deteriorate over time.  This allows more water over time to enter your home than a seamless system would.

Leaks Can Be Devastating

When you’re buying a new property, you have a lot to think about to prepare for your new home. Inspecting a flat roof before following through with the purchase is extremely important.

Even though you may have owned a property with a flat roof in the past, it is still a good idea to inspect the roof and understand how to maintain it.

Leaks can be devastating and expensive if they’re not repaired quickly after they’re found.

Serious Flat Roofing Problems To Look For

Blistering

These are areas that look like bubbles or where the surface is uneven. There could be moisture trapped underneath the membrane, but more often, it's a result of improper installation.

Ask a roofing contractor if a particular blister on your roof will cause bigger problems.

Splitting

This could mean there’s a poor structure or bad insulation installation. Even if the membrane was installed correctly, shifting or movement inside could cause a split in the flat roof’s membrane. If this is the case, the flashing in this area will usually fail too.

Movement

If the membrane looks like it shifted from its original position, it could be due to the slope of the roof being too steep for the type of membrane installed, poor adhesion, or thermal issues.

This can contribute to ridges, splits, and other roof problems.

Obvious Damage

When inspecting a flat roof and find that it has been punctured or shows other signs of obvious damage, you should bring it to the attention of your professional roofing contractor.

Shrinking

Some membranes have a tendency to shrink. You will see this as an issue if membrane seams look like they’re pulling against a penetration like a plumbing vent pipe, or if the membrane can be pulled away from the eave’s edges.

You may also see “bridging” at angle changes such as parapet walls, against other walls, etc.

Things to Look When Inspecting A Flat Roof

On the Roof

If you don’t see any discolored spots or any other signs leaking inside, it is still a smart choice to have the roof inspected.

There could be cracks beginning to form that will become bigger issues down the road. You’ll want to get these problems fixed before they cause any internal damage to the home.

One thing we would recommend is walking the roof to do a simple visual inspection. To be safe, make sure to be aware of where you are on the roof and never walk backward.

Make note of all the penetrations and don’t put any weight on any skylight covers, they’re not built to withstand the significant weight.

While you’re walking the roof, make a note of how it feels under your feet. If it feels weak, get off the roof safely and as quickly as possible and call a professional roofing contractor.

A leak on the roof could soak the insulation under the membrane. If it feels spongy underneath you, you’ll also want to refer to a roofing contractor. This is also the case if you notice any water coming out of any part of the membrane.

Inspect Penetrations and their Seals

Next, you will want to look at all the penetrations and seals. A large number of leaks start at penetrations and seals, which make up a very small percentage of the total area of the flat roof.

Penetrations, things like pipes and flashings that ‘penetrate’ the roof, are usually enclosed by flashings made from some form of sheet metal. Inspect around these penetrations for deterioration and cracks.

This cracking might not seem to be a big problem, but as moisture gets in, it will expand the crack until it's large enough to cause a big leak.

Seals are where two waterproof materials overlap, coming together in the same spot. Inspect these seals and make sure they’re smooth and still fully adhering.

In the Interior

You’ll want to check each individual room on the property carefully. Check the ceilings for any stains or discoloration. If the roof is leaking, you’ll find a dark-colored ring forming around the water-saturated spot.

stained ceiling from leaking flat roof
This is what a leaking roof looks like from the interior

If you see this, you should contact an experienced roofing contractor before moving ahead with your purchase.

Damage from a leak in one area doesn’t necessarily mean that the leak is located directly above it. Flat roofing systems have layers that might direct the moisture to other areas in the home, many times far away from the source.

The damage could also be from a plumbing or AC leak or, possibly some other source other than your roof itself.

It's also a possibility that the leak that caused the stain was previously repaired but the discoloration on the ceiling was not.

However, to be on the safe side, the best thing to do is to hire a professional flat roofing contractor to locate the source of any leaks.

To Conclude

If you’ve finished your roof inspection and decide you need to hire an experienced commercial roofing contractor, make sure to get several bids to ensure that you thoroughly understand what really needs to be remedied.

Also, if you get multiple bids, you’re more likely to pay a lower price for your roof repair. Your roofing contractor might also be able to help you extend your roof’s lifespan and give you instructions on what you can do for routine maintenance throughout the year.

Be Aware

While they do have their perks, flat roofs have design and installation factors that can play into damages and performance issues. In the long run, you may end up with a shorter roof lifespan than you expect – here are a few tips for issues you should consider.

Top 3 Common Flat Roof Issues

Leaking

Among all issues a flat roof can experience, this is the most frequent by far. Usually caused by unnoticed ponding water after rainfall, only 48 hours are needed before leaks start becoming apparent. You should check for moisture buildup around seams and flashings around your roof. Clogged drains, chimneys, and skylights are also places where you’ll want to watch for moisture buildup. If any water gets under the membrane and into the sheathing of your roof, there’s a chance rot and mold will quickly start to grow.

Shrinking and Deteriorating Materials

A common problem for EPDM membranes is shrinkage – when rubber shrinks, it can pull down other objects like parapet walls or chimneys! This is more likely to occur on a large building or on a building where the membrane was not properly secured and installed. Keep your eyes out for signs of discoloration along with signs of shrinkage to spot problems before they get out of hand.

Damage Caused by Foot Traffic

The last major issue that commonly affects flat roofs and flat roof decking is caused by heavy foot traffic. Often done by HVAC contractors and other visitors who go on the roof, damage can be caused by dropping tools, tripping on fasteners, or otherwise puncturing the membrane and allowing moisture inside. After a company has been on the roof, be sure to inspect for any signs of punctures or other damages.

Correct Flat Roof Repair Installation

Roofing systems take abuse and have to be maintained. Pitched roofs are fundamentally built to shed water and keep snow from piling up.

As a result, sloped roofs that utilize asphalt shingles, tiles, or wood shakes are designed to work similar to fish scales – overlapping each other to shed the water and snow. 

Flat surfaces require different coverings and this article will discuss three options for flat roofs.

Flat roofing systems aren’t built that way. With extremely low slopes (between 1/4″ to 1/2″ per foot, if installed the right way), flat roofs don’t shed water easily. Flat roofs are good systems if done right. They do have some common issues that can be prevented if they are installed by a good roofing company.

Flat roofing systems are built as a monolithic roof surface and will have times where water is pooling and standing.  There are 3 main options for flat roofs including Built-Up Roofing (BUR), Modified Bitumen Roofing, and Membrane or ‘Single-Ply’ Roofing (such as EPDM).

EPDM is the latest flat roof technology (around 55 years) and BUR is the oldest (about 120 years). Modified Bitumen is between the others (+/- 60 years). Here are the pluses and minuses of each flat roofing system.

Built-Up Roofing Systems

Built-up roofing (BUR) was the most commonly installed type of flat roof until single-ply roofing and modified Bitumen came along.

BUR uses tar and gravel for a watertight layer on top of the roof. Some of its biggest benefits include longevity, the thick coverage of the roof deck, and high resistance to damage.

It’s a costly choice for a residential property, and some of the odors that come with tar and gravel can be bothersome. Here are some additional pluses and minuses of built-up roofing:

Pluses

Minuses

Modified Bitumen Systems

It didn’t take long for the public to move away from the mess, heat, and odors of installing a BUR roof. But, for a long time, it was the only option. In the early 1960s, a new technology was developed – modified bitumen roofing (MBR).

It leveraged the proven performance of BUR and added roof wear layers or cap sheets that were polymer reinforced for strength and durability.

Pluses

Minuses

Single Ply Membrane Systems

There are a few types of rubber/polymer membrane roofing systems – PVC, Neoprene, EPDM and several others. EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) is used the most, especially for residential projects.

EPDM is constructed of recycled rubber materials, making it environmentally friendly. It helps to insulate your roof and attic.

In addition to covering your roof, it will bring down utility costs and make it economically viable as well. It comes in a large variety of textures and colors.

Pluses

Minuses

Remember to maintain your flat roofs, repair them if it needs repairs, and get them inspected every 5 years or so!

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